OLED shipments for smartphones, China will reverse in 2025
According to the 3rd quarter OLED Market Track published by UBI Research, China’s OLED shipments for smartphones (including foldable phones) are expected to surpass Korea in 2025.
Entries by olednet
[IMID 2023 Keynote] LG Display’s automotive tandem OLED, applied to Hyundai Genesis
At the ‘IMID 2023’ held in BEXCO, Busan on the 23rd, Kim Byeong-gu, head of LG Display’s Auto Business Group, gave a keynote speech on the theme of ‘Discovering the Best Automotive Display Solution for Tomorrow’.
[IMID 2023] OLED exhibited by Samsung Display and LG Display
At ‘IMID 2023’ held in BEXCO, Busan on August 22, Samsung Display and LG Display exhibited a number of OLED products.
XR Industry Megatrends
Extended reality (XR) devices, which overlay an extended reality on top of the real world, are emerging as disruptive devices that will drive a second wave of digital convergence, renewing the digital convergence brought about by smartphones. MR (mixed reality) devices will converge TVs, monitors, and laptops, while AR (augmented reality) devices will integrate smartphones, smartwatches, and tablet PCs.
Megatrend Analysis of the XR industry : Detailed analysis of XR devices and software industry
In order to shed light on the footsteps of the XR device industry, which is gradually increasing in scale with the goal of replacing wearable devices and IT devices, and to forecast the future market, XR device models and specifications released from 2018 to the first half of 2023 were analyzed. During this period, there were 327 models of XR devices and 127 companies that were investigated.
LG Display “A significant portion of the panel inventory adjustment that has been ongoing since last year is expected to turn profitable in the 4th quarter”
In a conference call on LG Display’s Q2 2023 earnings announcement held on the 26th, LG Display CFO Seong-Hyeon Kim announced, “As a significant portion of panel inventory adjustments have been made, a turnaround is expected in the fourth quarter of this year.”
OLED panel makers’ 8.6G IT line investment trends, LG Display and BOE’s investment delays
Samsung Display and LG Display are investing in the 8.6th generation IT line with high added value to compensate for the decrease in sales due to the Chinese panel makers’ flexible OLED low-cost offensive and LCD withdrawal.
Choong Hoon YI, CEO of UBI Research “Samsung Display will strengthen profitability by producing OLED for high value-added IT”
At the ‘2023 OLED & Micro Display Analyst Seminar’ held at the Federation of Korean Industries in Yeouido on the 5th, Choong Hoon YI, CEO of UBI Research, gave a presentation on ‘IT OLED industry trends and market prospects’.
Foldable OLED shipments will expand to 61 million units in 2027, and the UTG market will also grow more than three times
According to the ‘2023 OLED Components and Materials Report’ recently published by UBI Research, a company specializing in OLED market research, In 2023, foldable OLED shipments are expected to record 22 million units, and expand to 61 million units in 2027 at an average annual growth rate of 29%.
[SID 2023 Keynote] Tianma leaps forward to become one of the top 3 global display makers with the ‘2+1+N’ strategy
At SID 2023 held in Los Angeles, USA, Charles Peng, chairman of Tianma, delivered a keynote speech under the theme of ‘New Trends and Strategies for the Display Industry’.
Tianma’s OLED shipments for smartphones were second only to BOE among Chinese makers
It was found that Tianma, a Chinese OLED panel supplier, supplied the second most OLED panels for smartphones after BOE in the first quarter of 2023. In the meantime, among Chinese companies, Visionox has always been in second place after BOE in OLED shipments for smartphones, but it gave way to Tianma for the first time in this first quarter.
OLED emitting materials market in 2027 expected to reach US$ 2.59 billion with an average annual growth rate of 7.7%
According to the ‘2023 OLED Emitting Material Report’ recently published by UBI Research, the total emitting material market is expected to reach US$ 2.59 billion in 2027 with an average annual growth rate of 7.7% from US$ 1.92 billion in 2023.
Samsung Display Signs MOU with Ferrari, Enters ‘Samsung OLED’ in Supercars
Samsung Display will supply state-of-the-art OLEDs to the supercar Ferrari. Samsung Display announced that it signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Ferrari at the Asan Campus on the 11th to develop display solutions to be installed in Ferrari’s next-generation car models.
JOLED filed for civil rehabilitation due to financing problems, withdraws from OLED business
JOLED filed for civil rehabilitation with the Tokyo District Court due to financing problems. As JOLED withdraws from the OLED business, it will close two factories in Japan and lay off about 280 employees. JOLED’s total debt is $257 million.
OLED panel shipments for TVs are expected to reach 14.1 million units in 2027 with an average annual growth rate of 11.6% from 9.1 million units in 2023
According to the ‘2023 Medium and Large OLED Annual Report’ recently published by UBI Research, OLED panel shipments for TVs are expected to grow from 9.1 million units in 2023 to 14.1 million units in 2027 with an average annual growth rate of 11.6%.
2023 OLED KOREA Conference “OLED, a premium electronic product lineup and micro display, a promising future industry”
OLED KOREA, hosted by UBI Research, a market research company, will be held at the Central Park Hotel in Songdo, Incheon from April 12 to 14. OLED KOREA, which marks its 7th anniversary, is a business conference where top authorities in display from Korea, Japan, Asia, the United States, and Europe gather.
Samsung Display’s foldable OLED expected to exceed 50 million units in 2027
According to the ‘2023 Small OLED Display Annual Report’ recently published by UBI Research, Samsung Display’s OLED shipments for foldable phones are expected to reach 50.9 million units in 2027 with an average annual growth rate of 28.1% from 18.9 million units in 2023.
UBI Research will hold “2023 OLED KOREA Conference”
UBI Research, a research company specializing in displays, will hold the 7th 2023 OLED KOREA from April 12th to 14th, 2023 at the Songdo Central Park Hotel in Incheon, Korea.
LG Display strengthens its transparent OLED lineup by launching 77-inch transparent OLED this year
LG Display announced that it will release 77-inch transparent OLED products by the end of this year. LG Display plans to continuously strengthen its transparent OLED product lineup, which is a next-generation technology.
LG Display, Already completed development of OLEDoS-applied prototype for VR
At the 19th OLED School held at Sookmyung Women’s University from February 9th to 10th, Senior Research Fellow Yoo Chung-geun of LG Display announced, “We are developing a set for VR using OLEDoS, and some of the prototypes have already been developed.”
The groundbreaking ceremony for the BOE B20 line will be held on February 10, 2023.
BOE’s 6G LTPS LCD line, B20, will hold a groundbreaking ceremony in Beijing on February 10th. The capacity of the B20 line is 45K per month, and it is mainly based on the LTPS TFT process, but since an oxide TFT line with a capacity of about 15K per month is also built, it is expected that oxide TFT technology will be applied to some products.
Samsung Display Develops the World’s First Large-sized, Touch-Integrated OLED Display
Samsung Display today announced the successful development of the world’s first large-sized OCTA (On-Cell Touch AMOLED) technology, expanding the technology’s application from smartphone OLED to the laptop OLED panel, with full-scale mass production starting in January.
Fold, extend… Foldable IT device trends seen through exhibition trends
As panel makers have recently accelerated the development of foldable OLEDs, a variety of products, including foldable phones, foldable tablet PCs, and foldable laptops, are being exhibited. We look at the development trend based on the exhibited products of panel makers.
New emitting structure QM2 for QD-OLED will be applied to Samsung Electronics’ 2023 OLED TVs
According to ‘AMOLED Manufacturing Process Report Ver.5’ recently published by UBI Research, QM2, a new emitting structure of QD-OLED, has been applied from the end of 2022, and is expected to be applied to Samsung Electronics’ 2023 OLED TVs.
2023 Gram for the first time to be equipped with OLED, applied Samsung Display’s rigid OLED
Samsung Display’s rigid OLED panel is applied to Gram Style and Gram Ultraslim, the new 2023 Gram products to be released by LG Electronics.
LG OLED evo, praised by local media in Japan, proven OLED TV competitiveness
LG Electronics’ OLED evo was selected as the best TV in Japan in recognition of its overwhelming picture quality competitiveness and differentiated customer viewing experience.
Samsung Electronics to enter the domestic market with QD-OLED TV within the first half of the year
According to the industry, Samsung Electronics recently obtained radio wave certification for its 55-inch OLED TV (KQ55C95A).
[CES 2023] TCL CSOT 65″ 8K Inkjet Printing OLED
#Inkjetprinting #TCLCSOT #CES2023
[CES 2023] OLED T : LG Transparent OLED
#LGelectronics #Transparent OLED #CES2023
[CES 2023] LG Electronics OLED
#LGelectronics #OLED #CES2023
[CES 2023] Samsung booth
#Samsung #CES2023
Among the 234 OLED smartphone models released in 2022, China occupied 86.3% of the market with 202
Among a total of 234 OLED smartphones released in 2022, 202 were released in China, accounting for 86.3% of the market. On the other hand, Korea released 39 products in 2020 and 20 in 2021, followed by only 11 products in 2022, accounting for 4.7% of the market.
BOE is reviewing investment in a module line for certification evaluation for Apple iPhone
It was found that BOE is considering investing in the golden line of modules for Apple’s iPhone at the B11 Mianyang plant. The module golden line invested this time is a line for iPhone certification evaluation, and the investment is expected to be confirmed in early 2023.
OLED materials and components market for mobile devices is expected to grow by US$16.73 billion in 2027 with an average annual growth rate of 4.6%
According to UBI Research’s ‘4Q22 AMOLED Materials and Components Market Track’, which predicts 19 major components such as TFT, encapsulation, touch sensor, adhesive, and cover window, the mobile device materials market is expected to grow by US$13.91 billion by 2023, with an average annual growth rate of US$16.73 billion.
Shipments of Medium and Large OLEDs Over 10 inches Will Expand to 69.5 Million Units by 2027
According to the “4Q22 Medium & Large OLED Display Market Track,” which combines the performance and prospects of OLEDs over 10 inches at UBI Research, medium and large OLEDs are expected to expand from 26.1 million in 2022 to 69.5 million in 2027.
Rigid OLEDs for Smartphones are Expected to Fall 12.9% Annually to 96 Million Units by 2027
According to the “4Q22 Small OLED Display Market Track” published quarterly by UBI Research, global shipments of rigid OLEDs for smartphones are expected to continue to decline.
LG Display Expected to Supply only LTPO Panels for iPhone 15 to be Released in 2023
LG Display will supply only two panels of the LTPO model among the iPhone 15 series to be released in 2023.
In 2027, OLED emitting material market is expected to grow 8.6% annually and is expected to reach US$2.75 billion
According to the ‘4Q22 OLED Emitting Material Market Track’ recently published by UBI Research, global panel companies’ purchase of OLED emitting materials in the third quarter of 2022 amounted to US$4.96 billion.
Black Friday Ends, Some Premium TV Prices Begin to Recover
According to information confirmed on December 1st, Samsung Electronics and Sony’s premium TV product prices have mostly recovered from the price drop between October and November due to Black Friday and the World Cup in Qatar.
[China Trend Report] Further Delays to BOE Chengdu B16 Line Investment
There is a possibility that the investment in BOE’s B16 8.7G OLED line located in Chengdu will be further delayed. A member of the State Assets Commission, Beijing Municipal government’s regulations on BOE Group is the cause.
Jusung Engineering, 8th Generation Ultra-Thin OLED Encapsulation Equipment Technology Development to Preoccupy the Market and Achieve Localization [2022 Display General Workshop]
At the ‘2022 Display General Workshop’ held at Pyeongchang Phoenix Park from November 9 to 11, 2022, Jusung Engineering made a presentation on the 8th generation ultra-thin OLED encapsulation equipment technology development research task.
H&iruja Secures Competitiveness in Display Market by Developing Large-Area Cluster Sputter [2022 Display General Workshop]
At the “2022 Display General Workshop” held at Pyeongchang Phoenix Park from November 9 to 11, 2022, H&iruja presented a research project on the development of an ultra-low damage cluster sputter system for mass-production of small and medium-sized OLEDs for 8.5th generation substrates.
Blue Phosphorescent Material Will Be a Turning Point in the OLED Market [2022 Second Half OLED Seminar]
At the ‘The Second Half of 2022 OLED Accounting Seminar’ held at the FKI in Yeouido on November 9, UBI Research CEO Choong-Hoon Lee predicted that the blue phosphorescent material, an essential condition for the expansion of the OLED market, would be developed in 2024 and commercialized in 2025.
Micro-display’s Challenges From Three Perspectives [2022 Second Half OLED Seminar]
At the ‘The Second Half of 2022 OLED Accounting Seminar’ held at the FKI in Yeouido on November 9, Professor Hee-Jin Choi of Sejong University made a presentation on the theme of ‘Display and Optical Technology for Realizing Ultra-Realistic Near Eye Display’.
Introducing DOW Chemical, Inkjet OCR for Foldable OLED [2022 Second Half OLED Seminar]
At the “2022 Second Half OLED Industry Closing Seminar” held at the FKI Hall in Yeouido on November 9, 2022, Dow Chemical introduced silicon-based inkjet printable OCR that can be used for foldable OLEDs.
Merck Has Completed the Development of Organic Material Samples for Low Dielectric Constant TFE Below 2.5 [2022 Second Half OLED Seminar]
Touch of flexible OLED for smartphones is divided into add-on and on-cell. Add-on is a method in which a touch electrode is formed on the top of the film and the touch film is adhered to the top of the encapsulation layer through OCA.
[China Trend Report] Visionox Orders 6th Generation Vertical Vapor Deposition for IT
According to a Chinese trend report published twice a month by UBI Research, Visionox ordered sixth-generation vertical vapor deposition machines for R&D on the V3 line.
OLED for IT, Will Ship 48.8 million Units by 2027 With an Annual Average Growth Rate of 39%
According to the “2022 Mid-Large OLED Display Semi-Annual Report” recently published by UBI Research, shipments of OLED for IT such as tablet PCs, monitors, and laptops are expected to reach 48.8 million units by 2027 with an annual average growth rate of 39% from 9.5 million units in 2022.
65-inch Premium TV $800 Price Drop On Average. Prices Are Expected to Continue to Fall.
The price of 65-inch premium TV models released from April 2022 was analyzed to have dropped by an average of $800 by October.
[KES 2022] Samsung Odyssey Ark
#Samsung #OdysseyArk #KES2022
[KES 2022] LG Bendable OLED Monitor(OLED Flex)
#LG #OLED #KES2022
Is China’s 6G flexible OLED line reorganized?
According to the ‘2022 OLED Display Semi-Annual Report’ recently published by UBI Research, it is predicted that the 6G flexible OLED line in China will be reorganized.
LG Electronics Exhibition Trend At KES 2022
At ‘KES 2022 (Korea Electronics Show)’ held from October 4th to the 7th, LG Electronics displayed OLED TVs, OLED monitors, and transparent OLED signage according to the theme and exhibited them for direct experience.
[2022 Vehicle Displays] Desay sv
#Desay SV #automotive #display
[2022 Vehicle Displays] BOE
#BOE #automotive #display
Fewer Notches and More Punch Holes! OLED Smartphones Released in 2022
Among OLED smartphones released in 2022, the market share of smartphones with notch and narrow bezel designs decreased by 6.1% and 1.9%, respectively, compared to 2021.
[2022 Vehicle Displays] AUO (22 inch AmLED, 9.4 inch Flexible Micro LED)
22 inch Passenger Display : Active Privacy
– Specifications –
Samsung Display’s first slidable display was introduced!
Samsung Display unveiled its 17-inch slidable display for the first time at the “Intel Innovation 2022” event held at the McEnery Convention Center in San Jose, California on September 27th.
[IFA 2022] LG OLED TV, Monitor
#IFA2022 #LG #OLED
[IFA 2022] METZ OLED TV
#ifa2022 #OLED #Metz
[IFA 2022] METZ Booth Introduction
#ifa2022 #Metz
[IFA 2022] LG Electronics Micro LED TV, QNED 8K TV(MiniLED)
#ifa2022 #lg #ledtv
[IFA 2022] Panasonic OLED TV
#ifa2022 #panasonic #oledtv
[IFA 2022] HONOR (Honor Magic4 Pro, Honor 70)
#ifa2022 #honormagic4pro #honor70
[IFA 2022] Samsung (QD-OLED, Odyssey Gaming Monitors, The Serif, The Frame, The Sero)
#ifa2022 #samsung #qdoled
[IFA 2022] TCL CSOT (Mini LED TV, QLED TV, Smart home appliances)
#ifa2022 #tcl #tcltv
[IFA 2022] ASUS Foldable Laptop (Zenbook 17 Fold OLED)
#ifa2022 #zenbook17 #oled
[IFA 2022] ASUS OLED Laptop (Vivobook, Zenbook)
#asus #vivobook #zenbook
[IFA 2022] Samsung Booth (Galaxy Fold4, Galaxy Flip4)
#ifa2022 #galaxyfold4 #galaxyflip4
[IFA 2022] Huawei (P50 Pocket, MateXs 2)
#ifa2022 #huawei #matexs #p50pocket
[IFA 2022] Samsung Booth (MICRO LED, Neo QLED)
#ifa2022 #samsung #qled
[IFA 2022] LG Display Booth
#ifa2022 #lgdisplay #oledtv
$3.55 Billion in OLED Components & Material the Second Quarter of This Year, Down 7.9% from the Previous Quarter
According to “3Q22 OLED Components & Material Market Track” published quarterly by UBI Research, the market for major Components & Material in the second quarter of 2022 was estimated to be $3.55 billion.
[IMID 2022] ETRI to Show ‘Stacked QD-OLED’ With Top Glass Removed
At IMID 2022 held in BEXCO, Busan, from August 23rd to the 26th, ETRI held an exhibition and presentation, ‘Development of QD-OLED Technology with Fine Quantum Dot Pixel Array using Inkjet Printing Process’.
[IMID 2022] Samsung Display to Start Mass Production of 49-inch and 77-inch QD-OLED Panels Early Next Year
At ‘IMID 2022’, which was held in BEXCO, Busan, from August 23rd to 26th, 2022, Samsung Display exhibited 77-inch QD-OLED and foldable OLED such as ‘Flex S’, ‘Flex G’, ‘Flex Note,’ ‘Flex Gaming’, and ‘Diamond Pixel’.
[IMID 2022 Keynote] Samsung Display Announces OLED Big Step in 2022
At IMID 2022 held in BEXCO, Busan, from August 23rd to the 26th, Samsung Display CEO Joo-seon Choi gave a keynote speech, ‘Changing Display Industry with Disruptive Innovation’.
[IMID 2022] SEL Develops 5,291ppi Micro OLED Display Integrating Si CMOS and OSFET
At IMID 2022 held from August 24th to the 26th, Semiconductor Energy Laboratory (SEL) announced that it has developed a 5,291ppi micro OLED display for AR/VR that integrates Si CMOS and OSFET.
Shipments of Medium and Large OLED Displays in 2022 is Expected to be 26.3 Million Units
According to “3Q22 Medium & Large OLED Display Market Track” published quarterly by UBI Research, the medium and large OLED display market for the second quarter of 2022 was estimated at $1.67 billion. Medium and large OLED displays mean displays that are 10 inches or more.
Small OLED Display Shipments in 2022 Are Expected to Reach 724.8 Million Units
According to “3Q22 Small OLED Display Market Track” published quarterly by UBI Research, the market for small OLED displays in the second quarter of 2022 was estimated at $7.87 billion.
Intel, Audi AG, LG Display, and More Experts Join the OLED’s World Summit 2022 Agenda
July 28, 2022 – Smithers, a leading provider of testing, consulting, information, and compliance services, is hosting OLED’s 2022 conference this year at the Hotel Kabuki on October 25-27 in San Francisco, CA, and virtually.
2Q22 OLED Light-Emitting Material Market $4.12 billion, up 7.8% from the Same Quarter Last Year
According to “3Q22 OLED Emoting Material Market Track” published quarterly by UBI Research, purchases of OLED light-emitting materials in the second quarter of 2022 amounted to $4.12 billion.
[K-Display 2022] FMM Exhibition of Core Materials for OLED Deposition That are Leading in Localization
The K-Display 2022 exhibition, a Korean display industry exhibition was held at COEX in Samseong-dong from August 10 to 12.
Is green emitting material a key material in the high refresh rate trend?
Recently released smartphones support a fast refresh rate of 120 Hz. Such a fast refresh rate allows smooth screen transitions and can express dynamic movements, especially in games, but consumes a lot of power.
[K-Display Business Forum 2022] Sumitomo Chemical Material Performance Disclosure
At the ‘Display Business Forum 2022’ held at COEX, Seoul from August 10 to 12, 2022, Sumitomo Chemical unveiled the performance of inkjet materials developed until recently.
[K-Display 2022] LG Display creates new value with transparent OLED
At ‘K-Display 2022’ held from August 10 to 12, LG Display exhibited various transparent OLED products such as wall type and TV type. The transparent OLED exhibited this time had a transmittance of 45% and a resolution of FHD level.
[K-Display 2022 Business Forum] CosesGT Passed the UTG 0.9mm Folding Radius, Folding Test 340,000 Times
At the ‘K-display 2022 Business Forum’ held at COEX from August 11th to 12th, CEO Il-jae Lee of Coses GT presented ‘Cover Window for Foldable and UTG Manufacturing Method’.
[K-Display 2022 Business Forum] Samsung Display, ‘QD-OLED, The New Display Industry Standard‘
At the ‘K-display 2022 Business Forum’ held at COEX in Samseong-dong from Aug 11 to 12, Samsung Display’s Vice President Seon Ho and Marketing Team Manager Shah Chirag gave a keynote speech, ‘QD-OLED: Redefining Your Visual Experience’.
(Sub) OLED components and material market and OLED shipment forecast!
The structure of the OLED panel is composed of various components and materials. Also, there are differences in the structure according to Flexible OLED, Foldable OLED, and W-OLED.
[K-Display 2022] LG Display Online Booth Tour
This is the LG Display booth exhibited at K-Display 2022. LG Display exhibited OLED.EX, transparent OLED, and various concept OLED products.
[K-Display 2022] LG Display’s Transparent OLED
This is LG Display’s new transparent OLED display. It was amazing to actually see the technology we saw in sci-fi movies when we were young.
[K-Display 2022] Samsung Display’s Flex OLED lineup
This is Samsung Display’s Flex OLED lineup. We were able to see the Flex S, which was made after the first letter S of Samsung, and the Flex G, which folds three times.
[K-Display 2022] Samsung Display’s QD-OLED
Samsung Display unveiled QD-OLED for the first time in Korea. It is unfortunate that the camera cannot capture the advantages of QD-OLED, but I hope you enjoy it.
Samsung Display’s New Material Structure M12, iPhone14 Pro Models Only
Samsung Display will apply the new material structure M12 only to the top two Pro models of Apple’s iPhone 14 series, scheduled to be released in the second half of the year. For the lower two models, the M11 structure applied to the iPhone13 is used as it is.
(Sub) Can VR replace TVs and monitors? Industry Movement!?
Have you ever used a VR device? In VR, immersion and sense of presence are very important.
Samsung Display’s Pol-less Technology, Reducing Photo Process
The ‘2022 OLED Components and Materials Report’ recently published by UBI Research (www.ubiresearch.com), a company specializing in OLED market research, summarizes Samsung Display’s pol-less technology development status and future roadmap.
(SUB) Apple’s OLED product roadmap (What is the expected structure of a foldable laptop?!)
In this video, Apple’s OLED product roadmap, a company that accompanies innovation, was covered. OLEDs for Apple products are supplied by Samsung Display and LG Display. Apple’s presence in the display industry is great. The image of Apple’s foldable laptop that UBI Research predicts is shown in the video. What other innovative products is Apple preparing?
This Year’s OLED Mass Production Capacity Substrate Area is Expected to be 47.3 million ㎡
According to the ‘2022 OLED Components and Materials Report’ recently published by UBI Research (www.ubiresearch.com), a company specialized in OLED market research,
Chinese Government’s Aggressive Movement Toward Domestic Product Exclusivity. What Next for Korean Companies?
Recently, there is a movement to manufacture display-related materials, materials, and equipment exclusively in China. According to the ‘2022 OLED Components and Materials Report’ recently published by UBI Research (www.ubiresearch.com),
[China Trend Report] TCL CSOT delays new investment all at once
According to the China Trend Report published by UBI Research, the schedules of TCL CSOT’s 8.5G LCD line T9 and 6G LCD line T5 are expected to be delayed.
Nano Korea 2022 Exhibition Contents
From July 6th to the 8th, NANO Korea 2022 Exhibition was held at the Kintex 1st Exhibition Hall Ilsan. The exhibition consisted of 604 booths from 343 companies. The International Nanotechnology Convergence Exhibition, the International Adhesive Coating Film Convergence Material Exhibition, the International Laser Technology Exhibition, the International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition, and the International Smart Sensor Technology Exhibition were just a few represented at this exhibition.